A Jan. 12 revision to the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act has prompted museums, including Brown鈥檚 Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology, to implement changes and undergo repatriation procedures in recent years.
Originally into law by President George H. W. Bush in 1990, protects the rights of Indigenous and Native American tribes by regulating repatriation 鈥� the return of ancestral belongings and cultural objects to tribes. NAGPRA is currently administered by the National Park Service, and the U.S. Department of the Interior is responsible for issuing new regulations.
The Jan. 12 revisions aim to increase consultations and communications with Indigenous groups throughout the repatriation process and exhibition of new collections, according to a Dec. 6 by the Department of the Interior.
The changes increase the role of tribes and Native Hawaiian Organizations in the repatriation process. They also require museums to obtain consent before displaying remains of ancestors or cultural belongings. The new policies include a five-year timeline for museums to 鈥渃onsult and update inventories鈥� of remains and belongings covered by NAGPRA.
Angelo Baca, an assistant professor in the history, philosophy and social sciences department at the Rhode Island School of Design, wrote in an email to The Herald that the changes to NAGPRA are 鈥渙verdue.鈥�
Baca, a Navajo and Hopi researcher with experience in international repatriations and NAGPRA limitations, emphasized the importance of respect in the repatriation of 鈥渁ncestors and culturally significant items.鈥�
鈥淯niversities and colleges should be doing more to facilitate and lead the effort,鈥� Baca added. He urged universities to go 鈥渁bove and beyond 鈥� to (respect) cultural protocols.鈥�
Haffenreffer Director Robert Preucel said the museum鈥檚 preceded the Jan. 12 update. 鈥淲e anticipated many of these changes and reached out to the University administration for support,鈥� he wrote in an email to The Herald.
Preucel mentioned that the University recently hired , a consulting firm that specializes in repatriation and NAGPRA compliance.
Preucel emphasized the progress made by the Haffenreffer Museum over the last year, noting several efforts, including consulting with 21 tribal nations and posting Notices of Inventory Completion 鈥� confirmation that a museum has consulted with a tribe to determine the cultural origin of inventory items 鈥� to the Federal Register.
Thierry Gentis, Haffenreffer鈥檚 head curator and NAGPRA coordinator, noted that consultation 鈥渋s a very important part of NAGPRA work and leads to repatriations that hopefully help redress some past injustices,鈥� he wrote in an email to The Herald.
He added that the museum 鈥渉as long adapted a practice鈥� of discussing exhibitions with native consultants 鈥渇or the proper handling and care of the ancestors in the museum.鈥�
In 2023, officials in the Narragansett Indian Tribe said the Haffenreffer did not adequately consult with the tribe, The Herald previously reported.
According to Preucel, the Haffenreffer has recently taken measures to address the 鈥減roblematic circumstances鈥� under which it obtained parts of its collection.
He added that the new regulations will help the museum build partnerships with tribes, noting that the museum will collaborate with tribes to develop 鈥渘ew exhibition policies and guidelines for collections care.鈥� The new regulations require museums to obtain consent from descendants or tribes before displaying or conducting research into ancestors鈥� remains or belongings, according to the Department of the Interior press release.
Indigenous cultural belongings have been removed from other museums across the country following the new regulations. Earlier this month, the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard closed exhibits displaying Native American artifacts to comply with the regulations, according to .
鈥淣AGPRA is human rights legislation,鈥� Preucel wrote. 鈥淚t is an opportunity for museums to redress their negative histories and work with tribes to help represent their contemporary needs and concerns to diverse audiences.鈥�
Correction: A previous version of this article incorrectly named the industry of Bernstein and Associates, which is a NAGPRA consulting firm. The Herald regrets this error.
Sophia Wotman is a Senior Staff Writer covering the Affinity & Activism beat under University 国产偷拍. She is a sophomore from Long Island, New York studying Political Science and Music with an interest in women鈥檚 rights. She is a jazz trumpet player, and you鈥檒l often find her performing on campus and around Providence.
